Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Scada untuk Pencampuran Nutrisi Hidroponik Berbasis ESP32 Menggunakan Metode Kontrol Fuzzy Mamdani

Abstract

This study aims to design and implement a SCADA system for hydroponic nutrient mixing based on ESP32 using the Fuzzy Mamdani control method. The system is designed to perform integrated monitoring and control of the nutrient mixing process. The system uses Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, temperature, and ultrasonic sensors to monitor the condition of the nutrient solution and the liquid level in each tank. The ESP32 serves as the main controller for acquiring sensor data and controlling actuators, including the water pump, nutrient A pump, nutrient B pump, and mixer motor. Communication between the ESP32 and FUXA SCADA is implemented using the MQTT protocol, while FUXA serves as a Human Machine Interface (HMI) for displaying real-time data and providing system control. In automatic mode, the error between the EC setpoint and the actual EC value is processed using the Fuzzy Mamdani method to determine the PWM value of the nutrient pumps. The test results show that the system is capable of performing integrated monitoring and control of the nutrient mixing process. The calibration results show an EC sensor error of 1.11%, a pH sensor error ranging from 0.73% to 2.00%, an ultrasonic sensor error ranging from 0.80% to 1.00%, and a temperature sensor error ranging from 0.33% to 0.80%. MQTT communication and FUXA SCADA were successfully used to transmit sensor data and execute actuator control commands. The Fuzzy Mamdani control was tested in the Seedling, Early Vegetative, and Full Vegetative phases, with EC setpoints of 0.70 mS/cm, 1.20 mS/cm, and 1.80 mS/cm, respectively. The resulting overshoot values were 2.86%, 2.50%, and 2.78%, with settling times of approximately 5, 7, and 8 minutes, respectively. The steady-state error values were 0.00 mS/cm, 0.01 mS/cm, and -0.01 mS/cm, respectively, while the EC values remained within the specified tolerance range during the observation period. These results indicate that the system is capable of maintaining the EC value around the setpoint and performing the nutrient mixing process automatically according to the plant growth phase.